Ukuwelda kweAluminiyam sisakhono esiphambili kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwimoto ukuya kwi-aerospace, ngenxa yobunzima be-aluminiyam kunye nepropathi ekwazi ukumelana nomhlwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-aluminiyam ye-welding ibeka imingeni ekhethekileyo ngenxa ye-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal kunye nendawo ephantsi yokunyibilika. Le bhlog iya kukukhokela kwizinto eziyimfuneko zendlela yokudibanisa i-aluminium, ukubonelela ngeembono ekoyiseni imingeni eqhelekileyo kunye nokuzuza ngamandla, iiwelds ezomeleleyo.

Ukuqonda i-Aluminium Welding

Ngaphambi kokuntywila kwiinkcukacha ze-welding aluminiyam, Kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu ze-aluminiyam ezichaphazela ukuwelda kwayo:

• I-High Thermal Conductivity: I-Aluminiyam iqhuba ubushushu ngokukhawuleza, oku kuthetha ukuba inokususa ubushushu kwindawo ye-weld ngokukhawuleza. Oku kufuna amagalelo aphezulu obushushu ngexesha lewelding xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi.
• Indawo yokunyibilika ephantsi: Iialloyi zealuminiyam zinyibilika malunga nama-600°C, isezantsi kakhulu kunentsimbi. Oku kunokukhokelela kumngcipheko omkhulu wokutsha ukuba awuqapheli.
• I-Oxide Layer: I-aluminiyam ngokwemvelo yenza umaleko we-oxide ophakamileyo kakhulu kwindawo yokunyibilika kunentsimbi engaphantsi. Lo maleko kufuneka ususwe ukuwelda ngempumelelo.

Ukukhetha iNdlela yokuWelding eLungileyo

Ezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zokuwelda ialuminiyam yiGas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW, okanye TIG) kunye neGas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW, okanye MIG). Nantsi indlela abathelekisa ngayo:

• TIG Welding: Ilungele izinto ezincinci kwaye zilungile, umsebenzi oneenkcukacha. Inika i-welder ulawulo olukhulu kwi-weld kunezinye iindlela, iyenza igqibelele kumgangatho ophezulu, iiwelds ezichanekileyo.
• I-MIG Welding: Ifaneleka ngcono iziqwenga zealuminiyam engqindilili kunye nezantya ezikhawulezayo zokuwelda. Kulula ngokubanzi ukufunda kunye nokuxolela ngakumbi kune-TIG, nangona ingachaneka kancinci.

Izixhobo kunye noLungiselelo

Ukuqala welding aluminiyam, uya kufuna izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Kuba TIG welding, uya kufuna:

• I-AC ekwaziyo ukuwelda i-TIG
• Amandla okuqalisa amatyeli aphezulu
• I-tungsten ecocekileyo okanye i-zirconiated tungsten electrode
• Irhasi yokukhusela iArgon
• Imathiriyeli yokugcwalisa efanelekileyo, 4043 ingxubevange (Al-Ewe) kwaye 5356 ingxubevange (Al-Mg) zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iintsimbi zokugcwalisa

Ye-MIG yokuwelda:

• I-MIG welder ene-aluminium-compatible drive system
• Umxube weArgon okanye i-argon-helium yokukhusela igesi
• Umpu we-spool okanye umpu wokutyhala ukuthintela imiba yocingo

Ukulungiselela Kubaluleke kakhulu xa udibanisa i-aluminium. Coca izinto ngokucokisekileyo ukuze ususe nayiphi na ioli, ubumdaka, kwaye ngokukodwa umaleko we-oxide. Ukususwa koomatshini (ibrashi yentsimbi) okanye iindlela zeekhemikhali zingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-aluminiyam ayinayo ukungcola ngaphambi kokuba uqale.

Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-aluminium welding, nceda ubhekisele ku ‘Ukuwelda kweAluminiyam: Isikhokelo Esiluncedo‘

Iindlela zokuWelding

• Ukufudumala: Kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nohlobo lwe-aluminium, Ukushisa kwangaphambili kunokunceda ukulawula ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kunye nokuphepha ukuphazamiseka kwe-thermal.
• Tyhila ubuchule: Xa MIG welding, sebenzisa ubuchule bokutyhala, apho itotshi ijongiswe kwicala le-weld, ukutyhala idama. Oku kubonelela ngokhuseleko lwerhasi olungcono kunye neewelds ezicocekileyo.
• Ulawulo lwe-Puddle: Ubumanzi be-aluminiyam buthetha ukuba ukulawula i-weld puddle kubalulekile. Qaphela ubungakanani be-weld pool kunye nokuziphatha, ukulungisa isantya namandla akho ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukusombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo

• I-Porosity: Oku kunokubangelwa kukungcoliseka, igesi yokukhusela engalunganga, okanye ukufuma kakhulu. Qinisekisa ukuba yonke into icocekile kwaye yomile kwaye usebenzisa uhlobo olululo kunye nesixa serhasi.
• Ukuqhekeka: IAluminiyam ithanda ukuqhekeka, ingakumbi ekupheleni weld. Ukuthintela oku, qinisekisa ukuba umdibaniso uyilwe ngokwaneleyo kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zifudumala xa kuyimfuneko. Ukongeza izinto zokugcwalisa ekupheleni kwe-weld kunokunceda.
• Uphazanyiso: Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ze-thermal, ialuminiyam inokujika kakhulu xa idityanisiwe. Ukulwa oku, sebenzisa ukulungiswa okudibeneyo okufanelekileyo, izixhobo, kunye ne-welds ukubamba yonke into kwindawo.

Ukusonga

I-aluminiyam ye-Welding ifuna ukuqonda iipropathi zayo ezizodwa kunye nokulungelelanisa ubuchule bakho ukuze ubenzele. Ngokuqhelisela, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, kunye nenkqubo yolungiselelo olucokisekileyo, uyakwazi ukugqwesa ubugcisa bokuwelda ialuminiyam, ukwenza yonke into ukusuka kulungiso olulula ukuya kwiindibano ezinzima kunokwenzeka. Nokuba ukhetha iindlela ze-TIG okanye ze-MIG, umonde kunye nokuchaneka kuya kukukhokelela ekuphumeleleni kunye nokuqiniswa kwe-welds kule nto ingumngeni kodwa inomvuzo.