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Daahfurka waxyaalaha qarsoon: Cufnaanta Kala Duwan ee Aluminium Alloys

Aluminium alloys waa mid ka mid ah walxaha ugu badan ee la isku qurxiyo, loo isticmaalo wax kasta laga bilaabo injineerinka hawada hawada ilaa qalabka jikada. Caannimadooda maaha mid aan sal lahayn; Alloys-yadani waxay bixiyaan miisaan xoog leh oo cajiib ah, miisaanka, iyo iska caabbinta daxalka oo maaddooyin yar ay iswaafaqi karaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hal dhinac oo xiiso leh ayaa inta badan ku jahawareeriya kuwa cusub: waxaa jira kala duwanaansho dahsoon oo cufnaanta u dhexeeya darajooyinka daawaha aluminium ee kala duwan(Miiska cufnaanta ee aluminium aluminium), wuxuuna balooggani sahaminayaa arrimaha ka qaybqaata kala duwanaanshahan cufnaanta.

xaashi aluminium & saxan

Taxanaha aluminium aluminium iyo darajooyinkiisa caadiga ah

Aluminium alloys waa walxo ka kooban aluminium (Al) iyo walxo alloying kala duwan (sida naxaasta, magnesium, silikon, zinc, iwm.) kuwaas oo kor u qaadaya sifooyinkooda farsamada iyo u adeegsiga codsiyada kala duwan. Marka loo eego walxaha alloy-ga ugu weyn, waxa loo qaybin karaa 8 taxane , Taxane kastaa waxa uu ka kooban yahay darajooyin alloy ah.

Hoos waxaa ku yaal miis si kooban u soo bandhigaya taxanaha alloy-ga aluminium ee ugu weyn iyo qaar ka mid ah darajooyinka wakiillada ee taxane kasta, muujinta sifooyinka asaasiga ah iyo codsiyada caadiga ah.

Taxane Darajooyinka Alloy Cunsurka Alloying Primary Astaamaha Codsiyada caadiga ah
1xxx 1050, 1060, 1100 Aluminium saafi ah (>99%) Iska caabbinta daxalka sare, conductivity heer sare ah, xoog yar Warshadaha cuntada, qalabka kiimikada, milicsada
2xxx 2024, 2A12, 2219 Copper Xoog sare, iska caabin daxalka xaddidan, kulaylka la daweyn karo Qaab dhismeedka hawada sare, rivets, giraangiraha baabuurta
3xxx 3003, 3004, 3105 Manganese Xoog dhexdhexaad ah, shaqo wanaag, iska caabin daxalka sare Qalabka dhismaha, gasacadaha cabitaanka, baabuur
4xxx 4032, 4043 Silikoon Barta dhalaalka hoose, dareere wanaagsan Buuxiyaha alxanka, Alloys brazing
5xxx 5052, 5083, 5754 Magnesium Xoog sare, iska caabin daxalka aad u fiican, alxanka leh Codsiyada badda, baabuur, dhismaha
6xxx 6061, 6063, 6082 Magnesium iyo Silikoon Xoog wanaagsan, iska caabin daxalka sare, heer sare ah alxanka Codsiyada qaab dhismeedka, baabuur, jidadka tareenada
7xxx 7075, 7050, 7A04 Zinc Xoog aad u sarreeya, iska caabinta daxalka hoose, kulaylka la daweyn karo Hawada hawada, ciidan, qaybaha waxqabadka sare
8xxx 8011 Walxaha kale Waxay ku kala duwan tahay daawaha gaarka ah (tusaale., birta, lithium) Fool, kirishbooyada, iyo isticmaalyo kale oo gaar ah

Saamaynta walxaha alloying on cufnaanta Alloys aluminium

Cufnaanta aluminiumyada aluminiumka waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa ka kooban. Cufnaanta aluminium saafi ah waa qiyaastii 2.7 g/cm3 ama 0.098 lb/in3 , laakiin ku darida walxuhu waxay bedeli karaan qiimahan. Tusaale ahaan, ku daray naxaas (kaas oo ka cufan aluminium) si ay u abuuraan alloys sida 2024 ama 7075 waxay kordhin kartaa cufnaanta walxaha ka dhashay. Taa lidkeeda, Silicon waa cufan yar oo marka loo isticmaalo daawaha sida 4043 ama 4032, waxay yaraynaysaa cufnaanta guud.

Shaxda Walxaha Isku Darida iyo Saamaynta ay ku leeyihiin Cufnaanta

Element Alloying Cufnaanta (g/cm³) Saamaynta Cufnaanta Aluminium Alloy
Aluminium (Al) 2.70 Asal ahaan
Copper (Cu) 8.96 Waxay kordhisaa cufnaanta
Silikoon (Iyo) 2.33 Waxay hoos u dhigtaa cufnaanta
Magnesium (Mg) 1.74 Waxay hoos u dhigtaa cufnaanta
Zinc (Zn) 7.14 Waxay kordhisaa cufnaanta
Manganese (Mn) 7.43 Waxay kordhisaa cufnaanta

Shaxda cufnaanta aluminium aluminium ee caadiga ah

Hoos waxaa ku yaal shaxda caadiga ah ee cufnaanta ee qaar ka mid ah aluminiumyada aluminium ee caadiga ah, Si aad wax badan uga ogaato cufnaanta gaarka ah ee aluminiumyada aluminiumka, fadlan booqo Cufnaanta 1000-8000 Taxane Aluminium Alloy Qiimayaashani waa qiyaas waana kala duwanaan karaan iyadoo lagu saleynayo halabuurka gaarka ah iyo habaynta daawaha.

Taxanaha Alloy Fasalada caadiga ah Cufnaanta (g/cm³) Cufnaanta (lb/in³)
1000 Taxane 1050 2.71 0.0979
2000 Taxane 2024 2.78 0.1004
3000 Taxane 3003 2.73 0.0986
4000 Taxane 4043 2.70 0.0975
5000 Taxane 5052 2.68 0.0968
5000 Taxane 5083 2.66 0.0961
6000 Taxane 6061 2.70 0.0975
7000 Taxane 7075 2.81 0.1015
8000 Taxane 8011 2.71 0.0979

Laga soo bilaabo miiska sare, si fudud ayaan taas u arki karnaa:

  • 2000 Alwaaxyada taxanaha ah waxay ka kooban yihiin xaddi badan oo naxaas ah waxayna u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin cufnaanta sare sababtoo ah cufnaanta naxaasta oo aad u sarreeya.
  • Taas bedelkeeda, 6000 Alloys taxane ah oo ay ku jiraan silikoon iyo magnesium guud ahaan waxay muujinayaan cufnaanta hoose.
  • Lagu yaqaan xooggeeda sare, 7075 daawaha waxaa ku jira xaddi badan oo zinc ah, magnesium iyo copper. Cufnaanta sare ee 7075 marka loo eego alloys 1050 iyo 6061 waxaa loo aaneyn karaa joogitaanka walxahan ka culus.
  • 5083 daawaha is commonly used in marine applications and has a lower density than other alloys due to its higher magnesium content and lower content of heavier alloying elements.

Saamaynta arrimo kale

Marka lagu daro walxaha alloying, cufnaanta aluminium aluminium ayaa sidoo kale saameeya arrimo kale:

  • Heerkulka: Aluminium, sida biraha kale, balaadhiya marka la kululeeyo iyo qandaraas marka la qaboojiyo. Balaadhintan kulaylka iyo foosha waxay saamaysaa mugga daawaha, taas oo beddeleysa cufnaanta.
  • Farsamaynta farsamaynta: Sida aluminiumka loo farsameeyo sidoo kale waxay saamaysaa cufnaantiisa. Tusaale ahaan, heerka qaboojinta ka dib tuurista waxay u horseedi kartaa qaabab yar yar oo kala duwan, taas oo iyana saamaysa cufnaanta.
  • wasakhda: Joogitaanka wasakhda, xataa xaddi yar, waxay bedeli kartaa cufnaanta daawaha. Daawaha tayada sare leh ee ka kooban wasakhda hoose waxay yeelan doontaa cufnaan joogto ah.

Cufnaanta aluminium aluminium ma aha hanti go'an laakiin way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran walxaha alloying, habka wax soo saarka iyo waxyaabaha wasakhaysan. Codsiyada naqshadeynta iyo injineernimada halkaasoo miisaanku uu ka ciyaaro door muhiim ah, isbedeladan waa in la tixgeliyaa. Iyadoo la fahmayo qodobada saameeya cufnaanta, injineeradu waxay dooran karaan daawaha aluminium ku habboon si ay u buuxiyaan shuruudaha qaabdhismeedka iyo miisaanka.

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