1. Hoʻolauna
5A06 pepa alumini he hana kiʻekiʻe, non-heat-treatable aluminum-magnesium (Al-Mg) huikau, renowned for its exceptional strength, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion, a me ka welau maikaʻi.
Ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka moʻo 5xxx, ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona wehewehe kiʻekiʻe loa ka magnesium maʻiʻo (maʻamau 5.8-6.8%), ʻo ia ka mea e kau ai ma luna o ka echelon o ka ikaika ma waena o nā alumini alumini paʻakikī.
Me ka ikaika tensile pinepine ma mua 315 MPa, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o nā mea hoʻohui kai maʻamau e like me 5083, hana ia i mea kūikawā no nā noi e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma kahi hale welded.
ʻOiai ua hoʻohana mua ʻia kāna mau noi mua i ka nā ʻāpana aerospace a me nā pūʻali koa—no nā mea e like me nā pahu wahie welded, nā pahu pahi kaua, a me ka pale kaua māmā—e lawelawe pū ana nō hoʻi ia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kāna hui like ʻole o ka weldable ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi e hana ai i ka 5A06 i koho kūpono no nā hale koʻikoʻi kahi i hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hana a kahi i hiki ʻole ai i nā ʻāpana wela wela e like me ka 7xxx series ma muli o kā lākou weldability maikaʻi ʻole..

5A06 pepa alumini
2. Hoʻohui Kimia o 5A06 Pepa Aluminum
Loaʻa ka hana o ka 5A06 alloy mai ke koena elemental pololei i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma o nā makahiki o ka noiʻi metallurgical Kina.:
| ʻElemu |
Hōʻike (wt%) |
Hana Hana |
| Aluminum (Al) |
Kaulike (≥92.5%) |
Matrix; kumu kūʻē corrosion |
| Magnesium (ʻO Mg) |
5.8–6.8 |
Hoʻoikaika paʻa i ka hoʻonā; ʻāpana-β (Al₈Mg₅) kumu |
| Manganese (ʻO Mn) |
0.50-0.80 |
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe palaoa; Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Al₆Mn dispersoid |
| Silika (A) |
0.40-0.80 |
Ka hoolei wai; Mg₂Si ua; hoonui anodizing |
| Titanium (O) |
0.02–0.10 |
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka palaoa DC; pale i ka haki ʻana o ingot |
| Beryllium (E) |
0.0001–0.005 (koho) |
Kāohi ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana; hoemi i ka lepo |
| Hao (ʻO Fe) |
Ç0.40 |
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia; Al₃Fe palena palena |
| keleawe (Cu) |
≤0.10 |
palena paʻa; pale i ka maʻi SCC |
| Zinc (ʻO Zn) |
≤0.20 |
Ka palena; pale ʻana i ka corrosion galvanic |
| Chromium (Cr) |
≤0.20 (koena) |
Ka mana hoʻohāinu |
| ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe (kēlā me kēia) |
≤0.05 |
- |
| ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe (huina) |
≤0.15 |
- |
3. Na wela a me na waiwai o ka Pepa Aluminum 5A06
Hoʻokohu Huhu (GB/T 16475-1996)
| Ka huhū |
Hōʻike wehewehe |
UTS (MPa) |
Hāʻawi 0.2% (MPa) |
Elongation he50 (%) |
ʻoʻoleʻa (HB) |
Nā noi maʻamau |
| O (Hana ʻia) |
380–420°C/2–4h, kapuahi hau |
315–375 |
155–215 |
15-22 |
75-95 |
Hana hohonu, anodized optical housings, mea hana cryogenic |
| H12 |
Hana anu ~25% mai O |
340–400 |
260–320 |
8-15 |
85–105 |
Hoʻokumu haʻahaʻa, nā pale hana, nā lako kai |
| H14 |
Hana anu ~35% mai O |
360–420 |
290-350 |
6-12 |
95–115 |
Rivets, mea paa, clips, punawai |
| H16 |
Hana anu ~ 50% mai O |
380–440 |
320–380 |
4-8 |
105-125 |
Uea ikaika kiʻekiʻe, punawai pololei |
| H18 |
Hana anu ~75% mai O |
400–460 |
360–420 |
3–6 |
110-130 |
ʻO nā pūnāwai ikaika kiʻekiʻe, diaphragms |
| H22 (H12 + hoʻopaʻaʻia) |
H12 + 250–300°C/2h |
340–400 |
250-310 |
10-16 |
85–105 |
Nā hale kai kū i ke koʻikoʻi-corrosion |
| H24 (H14 + hoʻopaʻaʻia) |
H14 + 280–320°C/2h |
360–420 |
280-340 |
8–14 |
95–115 |
ʻO ka ikaika kaulike / ductility no nā hale welded |
| H32 |
H12 + hoʻokūpaʻa |
340–400 |
250-310 |
10-16 |
85–105 |
Nā noi pale SCC (like me H22) |
| H112 |
Hoʻopau hana wela |
295–355 |
130-190 |
12-20 |
70-90 |
Papa hana maʻamau, ʻāpana mānoanoa |
Nānā Waiwai Mechanical
Ka holomua o ka ikaika:
Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka palena o ka O-temper o 315–375 MPa UTS ma mua o 5083-H116 (305–385 MPa) a kokoke i 5383-H116 (370–420 MPa), e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻoikaika paʻa paʻa o 5A06.
Loaʻa ka hana anu i ka H18 i ka 400–460 MPa, hoʻokūkū ʻo 6061-T6 hiki ke mālama i ka wela (290–330 MPa) me ka ʻole o ka hana wela.
Nā Kūʻai Kūʻai Ductility:
E emi ana ka elongation mai 15-22% (O) i 3–6% (H18), ma muli o nā pilina paʻakikī hana maʻamau.
Eia naʻe, 5Mālama ʻo A06 i ka ductility kiʻekiʻe ma nā pae ikaika like i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 5056 ma muli o nā mīkini hoʻololi i hoʻonui ʻia i ke silika.
Nā ʻano Anisotropy:
Hoʻopuka ka papa kuhikuhi anisotropy planar Δr = 0.2–0.4 i ka 8–12% e lohe ana i ke kiʻi kīʻaha cylindrical—hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻa paʻa ʻole a me ka koho lubricant..

2mm 5A06 pepa alumini Ka ho'āʻo mānoanoa
Ke kino a me ka wela
| Waiwai |
Waiwai |
Koikoʻi noi |
| ʻO ka mānoanoa |
2.64 g/cm³ |
2% ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o 5083; mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻolilo kālā aerospace |
| Hoʻohemo melū |
568–640°C |
ʻO ka maʻiʻo Mg haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka palena kiʻekiʻe e hōʻemi i ka liquidus; pili i nā palena wili |
| ʻO ka hoʻoili wela |
115 W/(m·K) ma 20°C |
He kūpono no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wela; 10% haʻahaʻa ma mua o 5083 ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o Mg |
| Hoʻolima Uila |
26% IACS |
Haʻahaʻa ma mua o 5083 (29%); ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomehana resistive i nā noi uila |
| Coefficient o ka hoonui wela |
24.0×10⁻⁶/°C |
Haʻawina hoʻolālā: 2.4 mm/m no 100°C ΔT |
| Kaha Wela Kūikawā |
880 J/(kg·K) |
Helu helu wela wela no nā ʻōnaehana cryogenic |
| Elastic Modulus |
70.5 GPa |
Ua like like me nā huila 5xxx ʻē aʻe i loko o ke ana pololei |
| Ka Laki o Poisson |
0.33 |
Maʻamau no nā alumini alumini |
4. Ka Hana ʻana a me ka Hana ʻana i ka Pepa Aluminum 5A06
Ka hana ana o 5A06 pepa alumini pili loa i ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana.
No ka mea, he 5A06 a kiʻekiʻe-magnesium, ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka wela Al-Mg alloy, kona ikaika mechanical, pale ʻino, a ʻo ka hilinaʻi o ka hana ʻana e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka mana pololei o ke kemika alloy, deformation, a me ka moʻolelo wela i ka hana ʻana.
Ka Hoohehee a me ka Alloying Control
Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana me alumini mua maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohui ʻia inā kūpono e ka alumini recycled kūpono.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui - ma mua magnesium (5.8–6.8%), me ka manganese a me ka chromium-ua hoʻohui ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻomalu paʻa.
Pono pono ka hoʻohuihui pono ʻana, no ka mea, hiki i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike Mg ke hoʻopilikia nui i ka ikaika a me ka hana corrosion.
Ka hoolei ana a me ka Homogenization
Ma hope o ka hui ʻana, hooleiia ka metala hehee iloko nā papa ʻōwili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke anuanu (DC) hoolei ana.
A laila hoʻopau kēia mau papa homogenization wela lapaʻau, maʻamau i ka laulā o 450–500 °C.
Homogenization lawelawe i:
- E hōʻemi i ka hoʻokaʻawale kemika mai ka hoʻolei ʻana
- E hoʻoheheʻe i nā pae hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa
- E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hana wela
- Hoʻonui i ka like ʻole microstructural
Kaʻa wela
Hoʻowili wela ʻia nā papa homogenized i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe e hōʻemi i ka mānoanoa a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke ʻano o ka palaoa. I loko o kēia pae:
- Loaʻa maikaʻi nā hōʻemi mānoanoa nui
- E lōʻihi a maʻemaʻe ke ʻano o ka palaoa
- Paʻa nā hemahema o loko
Mālama ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana i ka haki ʻana o ka ʻili a hōʻoia i ka hana deformation paʻa, He mea koʻikoʻi loa ia no nā ʻāpana Mg kiʻekiʻe e like me 5A06.
Ka Kaʻa anuanu a me ka Mana Mānoanoa
Ma hope o ka'ōwili wela, ua hana hou ia na mea e kaʻaʻa anuanu e hiki i ka mānoanoa hope a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻōwili anu:
- Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pololei o ke ana (ka hoʻomanawanui mānoanoa maʻamau i loko o ± 0.5%)
- Hoʻopau ʻili i hoʻonui ʻia kūpono no ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ke kuʻi ʻana
- Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hana paʻakikī e hoʻokō i nā ʻano wela

Kaʻina ʻōwili pepa alumini
Hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa haʻahaʻa
Ma muli o ka huhū makemake, hiki ke loaʻa ka palapala:
- Hoʻopili piha (E ka huhu) no ka ductility kiʻekiʻe a me ka formability
- Hoʻopaʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻopili hapa no ka H112, H116, a i ʻole ka huhū like
Hoʻopau ʻili a me ka nānā ʻana
Loaʻa ka hana hope:
- ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka pae ʻana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palahalaha
- ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻili a i ʻole ka pickling māmā e wehe i nā oxides
- ʻO ka nānā ʻike a me ka ʻakomi no nā ʻōpala, Nā Hoʻohui, a me nā laminations
5. Nā noi o 5A06 Aluminum Pepa
Mahalo i kāna ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion, kūlana weldability, a me ke ano mama, 5Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pepa alumini A06 i nā ʻoihana e koi ana i ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi a me ka hilinaʻi o ka hoʻolālā.
ʻO kāna mau hana maikaʻi e kūpono loa ia no nā hale welded e hana ana ma nā kaiapuni corrosive a kiʻekiʻe paha.
ʻEnekinia moana a me waho
ʻO kekahi o nā wahi noi nui loa no ka pepa alumini 5A06 ʻenekinia moana.
- Nā hale a me nā ʻūhā moku
- ʻO nā poʻo nui a me nā hale kiʻekiʻe
- Nā ʻāpana paepae waho
- Nā pahu kai a me nā pā

Hoʻohana ʻia ka pepa alumini 5A06 no ka hana moku
ʻO nā Waʻa Paʻi a me nā Pahu Waiho
E koho maʻamau nā ʻenekinia 5A06 pepa alumini no nā moku kaomi a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama i ka wā e kū ai ka corrosion a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha..
- ʻO nā pahu wahie a me nā pahu mālama ʻaila
- ʻO nā pahu hau a me nā pahu kaomi
- Nā moku Cryogenic a me ka wela haʻahaʻa
ʻOihana Kaʻahele
I loko o ka ʻoihana halihali, 5Kākoʻo pepa alumini A06 ka hoʻolālā māmā a me ka ikaika o ka ikehu.
- Nā pahu wahie kaʻa a me nā paneli kino
- Nā hale kaʻa kaʻa a me nā hale kaʻa
- Nā panela a me nā papa kaʻa kaʻaahi
Palekana a me ka Aerospace-Pili
Hoʻohana nā mea hoʻolālā i ka pepa alumini 5A06 i ka pale a me ka aerospace-e pili ana i nā noi no ka mea hāʻawi ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika-a-kaumaha a me ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni..
- Missile a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolele
- Nā papa hana pale
- Kākoʻo ʻāina mokulele a me nā hale kōkua
Na Lako Kemika a me Hana Hana
ʻO ka pale ʻana o ka corrosion o 5A06 alumini pepa e waiwai ai i loko ka hana kemika a me nā wahi ʻoihana.
- ʻO nā pahu kemika a me nā paipu
- ʻO nā pā ʻoihana a me nā hale
- ʻIke ʻia nā mea hana i nā ea ea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia

5A06 pepa alumini no ka ipu kemika
6. Nā pono o ka 5A06 Aluminum Pepa
5ʻIke ʻia ka pepa alumini A06 ma ke ʻano he kiʻekiʻe-hana Al-Mg alloy ka mea e hoʻohui i ka ikaika mechanical, pale ʻino, a me ka hilinaʻi hana.
ʻO kēia mau mea maikaʻi e lilo ia i mea makemake no ka moana, kaʻahele, moku kaomi, a me nā palapala hoʻolālā e pono ai ka lōʻihi lōʻihi a me ka māmā māmā.
Kū'ē Kū'ē kiʻekiʻe
ʻO kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa o ka pepa alumini 5A06 ʻo ia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion, i loko o kaiapuni moana a me ka wai.
- ʻO ka maʻiʻo magnesium kiʻekiʻe (5.8–6.8%) paipai i ka hookumu ana o ka manoanoa, kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide paʻa ma ka ʻili, ʻo ia ka mea e pale pono ai i nā mea mai ke kai a me ka ʻino o ka lewa.
- ʻO ka maʻiʻo keleawe haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i ka galvanic corrosion a me ka hoʻouka intergranular.
- Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila kalapona, 5Hiki i ka pepa alumini A06 ke hōʻemi i ka mālama ʻana i ka corrosion e luna 50% ma kahakai a ma waho paha.
Lakiō kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika a me ke kaumaha
5Hāʻawi ka pepa alumini A06 i kahi ke kaulike ikaika ma waena o ka ikaika mechanical a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke kūkulu ʻana.
- ʻO ka mānoanoa: kokoke 2.66 g/cm³, ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ke kila.
- ʻO ka ikaika tensile maʻamau: ≥315 MPa, e hoohalikeia me kekahi mau hao hao haahaa ma ke kumu ikaika-ke-kaumaha.
Weldability maikaʻi a me ka hana
ʻAʻole like me nā alumini alumini wela, 5Mālama ʻia ka pepa alumini A06 mau waiwai mechanical ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, i mea kūpono no nā hale hana paʻakikī.
- He kūpono no ME, TIG, a me ke kuʻi ʻana
- Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka pohā wela
- Ka emi iki o ka ikaika ma hope o ka weld
Pane Anodizing Kiekie
5Hōʻike ka pepa alumini A06 a pane anodizing kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohui i ka waiwai hana a me ka nani.
- Hua ʻaʻahu, nā papa anodic oxide mānoanoa
- Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana ma hope o ka anodizing
- Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka insulation uila

Anodized 5A06 pepa alumini
7. Hoʻohālikelike me nā Alloy Alternative
| Waiwai / paena |
5A06 |
5083-H116 |
5052-H32 |
5456-H116 |
6061-T6 |
A36 Haʻahaʻa kila |
| Papa waiwai |
Al–Mg (kiʻekiʻe Mg) |
Al–Mg (papa moana) |
Al–Mg (hiki ke hana) |
Al–Mg (ikaika kiʻekiʻe) |
Al–Mg–Si (hiki ke mālama i ka wela) |
Fe-C |
| ʻO ka mānoanoa (g · cad) |
~2.66 |
~2.66 |
~2.68 |
~2.67 |
~2.70 |
~7.85 |
| Hāʻawi ʻia he Rp0.2 (MPa) |
~150–180 |
≥215 |
~140–195 |
~250–300 |
~275–310 |
~250 |
| Hoʻopaʻa ʻia Rm (MPa) |
~315–380 |
~305–385 |
~210–260 |
~340–405 |
~310–350 |
~400–550 |
| Elongation A (%) |
~10–15% |
≥10–12% |
~8–18% |
~10–12% |
~8–12% |
~15–25% |
| Hiki ke mālama i ka wela |
ʻAʻole |
ʻAʻole |
ʻAʻole |
ʻAʻole |
ʻAe |
ʻAʻole |
| Weldability |
Maikaʻi (MIG/TIG/FSW) |
Maikaʻi |
Maikaʻi |
Maikaʻi–Maikaʻi |
Maikaʻi loa (weld HAZ nāwaliwali) |
Maikaʻi (pono e pale i ka corrosion) |
| ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino ʻana i ka wai kai |
Maikaʻi loa |
Maikaʻi (papa moana) |
Maikaʻi loa (kaiapuni palena) |
Maikaʻi loa—Maikaʻi |
Kaumaha (pono i ka uhi) |
ʻilihune (pono nā uhi / cathodic prot.) |
| Intergranular/exfoliation pilikia |
Haʻahaʻa ke hana ʻia |
Haʻahaʻa (H116 mana) |
Haʻahaʻa |
Haʻahaʻa (H116 mana) |
Haʻahaʻa |
N / a |
| Hana luhi |
Maikaʻi loa (weld kiko'ī koʻikoʻi) |
Maikaʻi loa |
Kaumaha |
Maikaʻi loa |
Maikaʻi loa |
Maikaʻi loa |
| Nā noi maʻamau |
Nā ʻāpana moana ikaika kiʻekiʻe, moku kaomi, nā pahu pahu, nā panela hale |
Ka uhi ʻana o ka hull, nā pahu pahu, nā hale o waho |
Nā pahu wahie, nā mea i hana ʻia, ducts |
ʻO nā pā hull ʻoi aku ka ikaika, nā lālā hoʻolālā |
Nā pā, KahawaiOli, ʻāpana mīkini |
ʻO nā hull kaumaha, nā papa hoʻonohonoho i kahi lua o ke kaumaha |
| Hoʻolālā kālepa-offs |
Mg kiʻekiʻe → ikaika kiʻekiʻe + ʻino maikaʻi; hiki ke mālama i ka wela |
Lio hana moana — hōʻike ʻia ka hana kaiapuni |
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi no ka formability a me ka hoʻokele waiwai; ʻaʻole no ka luʻu lōʻihi |
ʻOi aku ka ikaika static (kumu kūʻai) |
ʻOi aku ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe (akā pono ka mālama corrosion) |
Māmā, ikaika, mea prheys, hoʻokō Hono |
8. No ke aha e koho ai ʻo Huasheng Aluminum?
Huasheng Aluminum he mea hoʻolako alumini ʻoihana i hoʻolako ʻia e hoʻopuka kiʻekiʻe 5A06 pepa alumini no nā noi koi.
Nā ikaika nui o Huasheng Aluminum
- Oolea hoʻomalu haku mele me ka traceability piha
- Hoʻopiha piha hoʻāʻo mechanical a corrosion
- Hāʻawi paʻa i nā ʻano wela a me nā ana maʻamau
- Hoʻokō me nā kūlana honua a me nā koi o ka papahana
- Kākoʻo ʻenehana no ke koho ʻana i nā mea a me ke alakaʻi hana
Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻike hana hana me ka hōʻoia maikaʻi, Kōkua ʻo Huasheng Aluminum i nā mea kūʻai aku e hōʻemi i ka pilikia a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka papahana.
9. Ka hopena
5A06 pepa alumini ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau; he a ʻenehana loea kūikawā i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā mea kiʻekiʻe.
Hōʻike ia i ka piko o ka ikaika i loko o ka ʻohana o ka non-heat-treatable, nā alumini alumini weldable.
ʻAʻole pili kona waiwai i kāna versatility, akā i kona hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi hoʻonā pono nui no kahi ākea ākea akā koʻikoʻi o nā noi i ka aerospace, pūʻali koa, a me nā ʻāpana kai kiʻekiʻe.
No nā mea ʻenekinia e hoʻoponopono nei i nā pilikia kahi e hoʻokō ʻia ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka kaumaha ʻana i ka weldability, 5Ke kū nei ʻo A06 ma ke ʻano he koho waiwai a ikaika.
FAQs
Q1: He 5A06 pepa alumini ka wela wela?
ʻAʻole. 5ʻO A06 kahi huila hiki ʻole i ka wela; ʻO kona ikaika mai loko mai o ka magnesium a me ka hana paʻakikī.
Q2: He kūpono ka 5A06 no nā kaiapuni kai?
ʻAe. Hāʻawi kona ʻano magnesium kiʻekiʻe i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka wai kai a me nā lewa moana.
Q3: Pehea ka 5A06 e hoohalike ai me 5083 aluminika?
Hāʻawi nā mea ʻelua i ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa; 5Hāʻawi maʻamau ʻo A06 i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe iki, oiai 5083 ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka honua no ka hana moku.
Q4: Hiki i ka 5A06 pepa alumini ke wili maʻalahi?
ʻAe. Loaʻa iā ia ka weldability maikaʻi me ka liʻiliʻi o ka nalowale o nā waiwai mechanical ma hope o ka wili.
Q5: He aha ka mānoanoa i loaʻa?
5Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ka pepa alumini A06 mai nā pepa anana lahilahi a i nā papa mānoanoa, ma muli o ka noi a me ka hiki ke hoʻolako.