Aluminiyam (Al) sisiqalelo sekhemikhali esinenombolo yeatom 13. Yeyona nto yesithathu ininzi kakhulu kumhlaba womhlaba, iquka malunga 8% ubunzima bayo. Isiqalelo sabekwa sodwa kuqala 1825 ngugqirha wefiziksi waseDanish uHans Christian Ørsted. Ngenxa ye-reactivity yayo ephezulu, ialuminiyam ayifane ifumaneke kwimo yayo ecocekileyo; endaweni yoko, idla ngokufumaneka kwiiminerali ezifana ne-bauxite, apho itsalwa kuyo.
| Uphawu | Iinkcukacha |
| Uphawu | Al |
| Inombolo yeAtom | 13 |
| Ubuninzi kwi-Crust yoMhlaba | 8% |
| Kuqala Ukwahlulwa Ngu | UHans Christian Ørsted (1825) |
| Intsimbi eqhelekileyo | Bauxite |
| Unyaka | Ukufunyanwa | Umxhasi |
| 1807 | Ubukho obuqatshelweyo be-aluminiyam | Humphry Davy |
| 1825 | I-aluminiyam eyodwa | UHans Christian Ørsted |
| Ukuphuhliswa kwendlela yokuvelisa i-aluminium | UHenri Sainte-Claire Deville | |
| Yenziwe indlela yokunyibilikisa (Inkqubo yeHolo-Héroult) | UCharles Martin Hall kunye noPaul Louis Toussaint Héroult |
Iimpawu zeAluminiyam zenza intandokazi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Nantsi isishwankathelo seempawu zayo eziphambili:
| Ipropati | Inkcazo |
| I-Ductility | Inokutsalwa kwiingcingo ezibhityileyo |
| Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa | Yenza umaleko we-oxide okhuselayo |
| Ukuba buthathaka | Unokubethelwa kumaphepha amancinci |
| I-Thermal Conductivity | Umqhubi olungileyo wobushushu |
| Ukuqhuba koMbane | I-conductor elungileyo yombane |
| Ukuxinana | 2.71 g/cm³, malunga nesinye kwisithathu eso sentsimbi |
| Ukuzibonakalisa | Phezulu, luncedo kwizibuko kunye neepeyinti ezikhanyayo |
I-Aluminiyam iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nganye inezicelo ezithile:
| Uhlobo | Inkcazo | Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo |
| IAluminiyam ecocekileyo | Ifomu ecocekileyo, ethambileyo, iductile, conductive, ukumelana nomhlwa | Iingcingo, iintambo, ifoyile |
| Iingxube zeAluminiyam | Ukuxuba i-aluminiyam kunye nezinye izinto zokomelela okongeziweyo kunye nobunzima | Iinjini, amaphiko endiza, iimveliso zabathengi |
| I-Aluminiyam yokuphosa | I-alloys igalelwe kwi-molds ukudala iindawo, iindleko-esebenzayo kodwa ngaphantsi ductile | Iindawo eziveliswe ngobuninzi |
| IAluminiyam esebenzayo | Icutshungulwe ngokuqengqeleka, ukwenza, okanye i-extrusion, yomelele kwaye ifanelekile kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo | Amalungu emoto, izixhobo ze-aerospace |
| IAluminiyam yeAnodized | Unyango lwe-Electrochemically ngenxa yombala kunye nokwanda kobunzima | Iimveliso zezakhiwo, izixhobo zasekhaya |
| I-Aluminiyam egqunyiweyo | Ukomelezwa kokumelana ne-corrosion kunye neengqimba ezongezelelweyo ze-aluminium okanye i-alloy | Iimoto, kaloliwe, izicelo ze-aerospace |
Ubuninzi be-aluminium bubonakala kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo:
| Ishishini | Usetyenziso |
| I-Aerospace | Amacandelo eenqwelomoya, amaphiko, ifuselage |
| Iimoto | Iinjini, imizimba yezithuthi, amavili |
| Owaselwandle | Hulls, iimasti, kunye namanye amalungu enqanawa |
| Ukupakishwa | Iitoti zesiselo, ifoyile |
| Ukwakhiwa | Izakhiwo zokwakha, iifestile, iingcango, icala, iingcingo |
| Izixhobo zoMbane | Imigca yamandla, Ii-eriyali zeTV, izitya zesatellite |
| Impahla zomthengi | Izixhobo zokupheka, iimeko ze-smartphone, iilaptops, oomabonakude |
| Izixhobo zonyango | Izitulo ezinamavili, izixhobo zotyando, abahambahambayo, iintonga |
Ukusebenza nge-aluminiyam kuneenzuzo kunye neengxaki zayo:
| Iingenelo | Iingxaki |
| Ikhaphukhaphu | Ayinamandla njengentsimbi |
| Ukumelana nomhlwa | Iindleko eziphezulu kunezinye iiplastiki |
| I-thermal ephezulu kunye ne-conductivity yombane | I-Welding inokuba ngumngeni ngenxa ye-thermal conductivity ephezulu ekhokelela ekuqinisweni ngokukhawuleza kwee-welds |
| 100% inokuphinda isetyenziswe | Ezinye iialloys zodidi oluphezulu zinokubiza |
Imfuno yehlabathi ye-aluminiyam iqhutywa bubunzima bayo kunye neempawu ezomeleleyo, iyenza ilungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ishishini liyakhula ngokuqhubekayo, ngezinto ezintsha kwiindlela zemveliso kunye nobuchwepheshe bokurisayikilisha.
Ukuveliswa kweAluminiyam kubandakanya i-bauxite yemigodi, ukuyicoca kwi-alumina, kwaye emva koko ukuyinyibilikisa ukuvelisa i-aluminiyam esulungekileyo. Inkqubo yeHolo-Héroult yeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo namhlanje.
Aluminiyam yiyo 100% inokuphinda isetyenziswe, kunye nokurisayikilisha kugcina ukuya kuthi ga 95% wamandla afunekayo ukuvelisa i-aluminiyam entsha kwizinto ezikrwada. Oku kwenza ukuba ukurisayikilisha kube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoshishino.
Njengoko amashishini efuna izinto ezikhaphukhaphu nezizinzileyo, Imfuno ye-aluminium kulindeleke ukuba ikhule. Izinto ezintsha ekuphuhliseni i-alloy kunye nobuchule bokucubungula ziya kwandisa ngakumbi izicelo zayo.
UHenan Huasheng Aluminium Co., Ltd (HHALU ngokufutshane), isekwe kwi 2001, ibekwe kwidolophu yaseHuiguo, iAluminiyam eyinkunzi edumileyo yePhondo laseHenan, Ngumvelisi oqeqeshiweyo kwaye uzibandakanya kuphando, uphuhliso, imveliso, ukuthengisa kunye nenkonzo ye aluminiyam ipleyiti yephepha, ikhoyili ye-aluminium, ifoyile yealuminiyam, aluminiyam strip kunye nesangqa aluminiyam.
Ukwengeza, I-HHALU iphinda ithengise ipleyiti ye-aluminium yokwakha kunye neenqanawa, ipleyiti yesipili yealuminiyam, kunye nepleyiti yealluminiyam yemoto.
No.53, Indlela yaseDongming, Zhengzhou, Henan, eTshayina
Copyright © Huasheng Aluminiyam 2025. Onke Amalungelo Agciniwe.
