Ke noʻonoʻo mākou i ka ʻōlelo “ʻōpala,” ʻO ke kiʻi mua i manaʻo pinepine ʻia, ʻo ia ka uhi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula e hana ʻia ma luna o ka hao a i ʻole ke kila ke ʻike ʻia i ka ea mākū., he mea ʻepekema i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka iron oxide. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hopena kemika penei:

4𝐹𝑒+3𝑂2+6𝐻2𝑂→4𝐹𝑒(𝑂𝐻)3ʻ

Ke alakaʻi nei kēia hopena i ka hana ʻana o ka hao hydrated(III) oxide, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka ʻōpala.

Eia naʻe, i ka wā e pili ana i ka alumini, ala mai ka ninau: Hana ʻia ka alumini? E pane i keia, pono kākou e ʻimi i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpala, pehea e pili ai i nā metala like ʻole, a kikoʻī, pehea ka hana ʻana o ka alumini ma lalo o nā kūlana like.

He aha ka Rust?

ʻO ka Rust kahi ʻano ʻino i hana ʻia me ka hao a me ke kila ke ʻike ʻia lākou i ka oxygen a me ka maʻu.. ʻO ka hopena kemika i loaʻa i ka hao oxide. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o ka ʻōpala ʻaʻole ʻo kona waihoʻoluʻu wale nō akā ʻo ke ʻano hoʻi e hoʻonui ai ka metala a paʻa, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka paʻa o ka metala.

Aluminum a me ka Corrosion

Aluminum, like ole me ka hao, ʻaʻole ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole i loko o ka alumini ka hao, a nolaila, ka hopena kemika kiko'ī e hana ana i ka hao oxide (ʻōpala) hiki ole. Eia naʻe, ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo he pale ʻole ka alumini i nā ʻano ʻino a pau. Ma kahi o ka ʻōpala, ʻO ka alumini ka hana i kapa ʻia he oxidation:

4𝐴𝑙+3𝑂2→2𝐴𝑙2𝑂3ʻ

ʻO kēia pane ʻana he kūʻokoʻa a exothermic, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wela. He paʻakikī loa ka papa alumini oxide a hāʻawi i ka pale maikaʻi loa mai ka ʻino hou aʻe.

Ke Kaʻina Hana o ka Oxidation ma Aluminum

Ke ʻike ʻia ka alumini i ka lewa, hana ia me ka oxygen e hana i ka alumini oxide ma kona ʻili. He ʻokoʻa loa kēia ʻāpana alumini oxide mai ka ʻōpala ma nā ʻano koʻikoʻi:

1. Ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ke kino: ʻAʻole ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha ka alumini oxide e like me ka hao. aka, he keokeo a akaka paha, papa pale i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
2. Pale Palekana: ʻAʻole like me ka hao hao, ka mea e hoʻopōʻino a hoʻopōʻino i ka metala, Mālama maoli ka alumini oxide i ka metala lalo mai ka ʻino hou aʻe. Hoʻomaka koke kēia papa i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ka alumini hou i ka ea a kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka ʻino hou.

No ke aha i koho ʻia ai ka alumini no nā noi waho

ʻO nā waiwai kūlohelohe o ka alumini ka mea i koho maikaʻi loa no nā noi waho. Eia kekahi mau kumu:

• Ka lōʻihi: Ma muli o kona papa ʻokikene pale, ʻO ka alumini ka mea kūpaʻa i ka pōʻino pili i ka wā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaiapuni e hoʻolalelale i ka ʻele o ka hao.
• Māmā: He māmā loa ka alumini me nā metala ʻē aʻe, e hana ana ia i kahi koho kūpono no nā noi i mea nui ke kaumaha, e like me ka mokulele, hana kaʻa, a me nā hale lawe lima.
• ʻAʻohe ʻona a hiki ke hana hou ʻia: ʻAʻole ʻawaʻawa ka alumini a hiki ke hana hou ʻia, e kōkua ana i kona kaulana i ka ʻeke meaʻai a me ke kūkulu ʻana.

Nā mea e pili ana i ka ʻinoʻino alumini

ʻOiai ke kūpaʻa nei ka alumini i ka corrosion, hiki i kekahi mau kūlana ke hoʻoikaika i ke kaʻina hana a i ʻole ke alakaʻi i nā ʻano ʻino ʻē aʻe:

• ʻAiʻino Galvanic: Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā e hoʻopili ai ka alumini me kahi metala hanohano i mua o kahi electrolyte, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka corrosion.
• Nā Kumu Kaiapuni: Ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea haumia ʻoihana, kaiapuni paakai (e like me nā ʻāina kahakai), a hiki i nā kūlana pH koʻikoʻi ke hoʻonui i ka corrosion.

Aluminum vs. Nā Metala ʻē aʻe: Pale ʻino

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ka alumini me nā metala ʻē aʻe e kōkua i ka hōʻike ʻana i kona mau pono a me nā palena.

Papakaukau : Pale ʻino o nā metala maʻamau