Ke noʻonoʻo mākou i nā mea o kēlā me kēia lā, Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ka alumini ma muli o kona hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā huahana mai nā kini soda a i nā mokulele. Akā, hāpai kēia i kahi nīnau kumu: He metala ka alumini? ʻO ka pane he mea kani ʻAe—he metala maoli ka alumini. Eia naʻe, nā kumu ma hope o kēia hoʻonohonoho, nā mea kūikawā o ka aluminika, a me kāna mau noi like ʻole i nā ʻoihana like ʻole e pono ai ka nānā hohonu.
| ʻOiaʻiʻo | wehewehe |
|---|---|
| Nā aniani | Hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ka alumini i ka hana ʻana i nā aniani |
| Pohaku Pohaku Synthetic | Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā rubi synthetic a me nā sapphi |
| Heohe makahiki | E pili ana 41 hooheheeia miliona tona o ka alumini i kela ame keia makahiki |
| Ho'emi i ka ikehu ma ka hana | Ua emi ka ikehu e pono ai no ka hana ana i ka alumini 70% i ka hope 100 makahiki |
| Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Wakinekona | Hoʻopili ʻia ka luna me kahi pyramid alumini |
Ma mua o ka luʻu ʻana i nā ʻano o ka alumini, e hoʻomaopopo mua i ka mea e kūpono ai i kahi mea metala. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā metala e kahi pūʻulu o nā waiwai kino a me nā mea kemika. Aia ma lalo kahi papa e hōʻuluʻulu ana i nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o nā metala:
| Waiwai | wehewehe |
| ʻO ka hoʻokō | ʻO nā metala nā mea hoʻokele maikaʻi o ka uila a me ka wela ma muli o ka neʻe manuahi o nā electron i loko o kā lākou ʻano atomika. |
| ʻoluʻolu | Hiki ke wili ʻia a ʻōwili ʻia nā metala i loko o nā ʻāpana lahilahi me ka haki ʻole, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpono no nā ʻano hana ʻenehana. |
| ʻO ka ductility | Hiki ke kikoo ʻia nā metala i nā uwea me ka ʻole o ka paʻi ʻana, ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona e hoʻohui i kā lākou versatility. |
| ʻōlinolino | He ʻōlinolino ko nā metala, ʻo ia ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻomālamalama i ka mālamalama. |
| ʻO ka mānoanoa | He kiʻekiʻe ko nā metala, 'o ia ho'i he kaumaha ma'amau no ko lākou nui. |
| Ka ikaika | He ikaika a kūpaʻa nā metala i nā mana o waho, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i kūpono no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kumu hana. |
| Pale ʻino | ʻOiai hiki ke ʻino kekahi mau metala, nui ke kū'ē kiʻekiʻe i ka corrosion a i ʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia e hoʻonui i ko lākou kūʻē. |
| Mākēneki | Kekahi mau metala, ʻoi aku ka hao, he mea magnetika, ʻaʻole naʻe nā metala a pau e hōʻike i nā waiwai magnetic. |
Ua kūpono ka alumini i ka ʻāpana o nā metala no ka mea e hōʻike ana ia i nā hiʻohiʻona mua o nā metala, ʻoiai me kekahi mau ʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa e waiwai nui ai. Eia ka nānā pono ʻana i ka pili ʻana o ka alumini me nā waiwai maʻamau o nā metala:
| Waiwai | ʻO ke ʻano o ke alumini |
| ʻO ka hoʻokō | ʻO ka alumini ka mea lawe uila maikaʻi a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā laina hoʻouna uila, ʻO ka lua wale nō i ke keleawe ma ke ʻano o ka conductivity uila ma waena o nā metala. |
| ʻoluʻolu | He malleable loa ka alumini, ʻae ʻia e ʻōwili maʻalahi ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana lahilahi a i ʻole nā lau. |
| ʻO ka ductility | Hiki ke huki ʻia ka alumini i nā uwea, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai i ka uwila uila a i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana uea maikaʻi. |
| ʻōlinolino | Loaʻa i ka alumini hou i ʻoki ʻia, ʻōlinolino keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke oxidize a hoʻomohala i kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia a uhi ʻole ʻia. |
| ʻO ka mānoanoa | He māmā ke alumini i nā metala ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mea e waiwai nui ai i nā ʻoihana kahi mea koʻikoʻi ke kaumaha, e like me ka ʻenehana aerospace. |
| Ka ikaika | ʻOiai ʻaʻole ikaika ka alumini maʻemaʻe e like me nā metala ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia kona ikaika ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka magnesium, keleawe, aiʻole zinc. |
| Pale ʻino | Hoʻokumu maoli ka alumini i kahi ʻāpana oxide lahilahi ke ʻike ʻia i ka ea, ka mea e pale ai mai ka poino hou aku, kūpono ia no nā noi waho a me ke kai. |
| Mākēneki | ʻAʻole magnetik ka alumini, He mea ia e pono ai i nā noi kahi e pale ʻia ai ka hoʻopili magnetic, e like me nā mea uila. |
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka alumini ma ka hui 13 o ka papahelu manawa, kahi i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he metala post-transition. Loaʻa iā ia ka helu atomika 13 a me ka hoailona Al. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho electron o ka alumini [ʻAe] 3s²3p¹, 'o ia ho'i, he 'ekolu valence electron i hiki ke lilo i mea hiki ke lilo i mau iona maika'i (Al³⁺), he ano ano o na metala.
Aia ma lalo kahi papa e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai atomika kumu o ka alumini:
| Waiwai | Waiwai |
| Helu ʻAtoma | 13 |
| ʻAtoma nui | 26.98 u |
| Electron Configuration | [ʻAe] 3s²3p¹ |
| Pūʻulu ma ka Papa Manawa | Pūʻulu 13 |
| ʻO ka mānoanoa | 2.70 g/cm³ |
| Lae hehee | 660.3°C |
| Lae paila | 2519°C |
ʻAʻole ʻo ka alumini ka mea maʻamau i kēia lā. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke gula. I ke kenekulia 19, ke kaʻina hana o ka unuhi ʻana i ka alumini mai kāna ʻala, bauxite, he nui ke kumu kuai a me ka hana, ka hana ʻana i ka metala i kakaikahi a waiwai. Eia naʻe, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaʻina hana Hall-Héroult ma 1886, i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka alumini, ua ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka metala.
ʻO nā waiwai o ke alumini he mea kūpono ia no ka nui o nā noi. Aia ma lalo kahi papa e wehewehe ana i kekahi o nā ʻoihana koʻikoʻi kahi e pono ai ke alumini:
| ʻOihana | Palapala noi |
| Aerospace | Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka alumini i ka hana ʻana i nā mokulele ma muli o kona māmā a ikaika, e kokua ana i ka pono wahie a me ka hana holookoa. |
| Kaʻa kaʻa | Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini i nā papa kaʻa, ʻāpana ʻenekini, a me na huila, kōkua e hoemi i ke kaumaha o nā kaʻa, e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pono o ka wahie a hoʻemi i nā hoʻokuʻu. |
| Kūkulu | Aluminum is used in window frames, kaupaku, a me ka ʻaoʻao ma muli o kona lōʻihi, pale ʻino, a me ka hoihoi nani. |
| Hoʻopili ʻia | Aluminum is commonly used in beverage cans, ʻōwili pepa, a me nā ipu meaʻai ma muli o kona ʻano ʻona ʻole a me nā mea pale maikaʻi loa i ka mālamalama, oxygen, a me ka wai. |
| Uila | Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini i nā laina mana, uwea, a me nā mea uila no ka maikaʻi o kona conductivity a me ke ʻano māmā. |
| Moana | Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini i ka hana ʻana i nā moku a me nā waʻa ma muli o kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion, ʻoi aku ma nā wahi wai paʻakai. |
| Consumer waiwai | Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini i nā ʻano mea like ʻole o ka hale, me nā lako kīhini, nā mea hana, a me nā mea uila uila, mahalo i kona kūpaʻa a me nā ʻano nani. |
ʻOiai hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini maʻemaʻe i nā noi he nui, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia me nā metala ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i kona mau waiwai. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui like maʻamau ka magnesium, keleawe, manganese, silika, a me ka zinc. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau alumini alumini i nā moʻo like ʻole, ʻo kēlā me kēia me nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī kūpono no nā noi like ʻole.
| Alloy Series | ʻElemu Alloying Primary(s) | Nā ʻano nui | Nā noi maʻamau |
| 1000 moʻo | alumini maʻemaʻe (99% a ʻoi aku paha) | ʻOi loa ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, kiʻekiʻe wela a me ka uila conductivity | Nā mea hoʻokele uila, nā mea hoʻololi wela, mea hana kemika |
| 2000 moʻo | keleawe | Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, maikaʻi machinability, emi mai ka corrosion | Nā hale mokulele, nā papa kaʻa |
| 3000 moʻo | Manganese | Kūleʻa maikaʻi i ka corrosion, ikaika kūpono, maikaʻi ka hana | Nā lako kuke, moku kaomi, mālama kemika |
| 5000 moʻo | Magnesium | Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, maikaʻi ka corrosion kū'ē, hiki ke weld | Nā noi moana, nā panela kaʻa, moku kaomi |
| 6000 moʻo | Magnesium a me ke silika | ʻO ka ikaika kaulike a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, maikaʻi machinability a weldability | Nā mea hoʻolālā, nā palapala hoʻolālā |
| 7000 moʻo | Zinc | ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa, emi mai ka corrosion, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka mokulele | Nā polokalamu Aerospace, mea haʻuki |
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ka alumini ʻo kona recyclable. Hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka alumini me ka pau ʻole o kona waiwai, e hoʻolilo iā ia i kekahi o nā mea hoʻomau i loaʻa. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i ka alumini e pono wale nō 5% o ka ikehu i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka alumini mua mai ka bauxite, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i ka wāwae kaiapuni.
Eia ka hoʻohālikelike o nā koi ikehu ma waena o ka hana alumini mua a me ka hana hou:
| Kaʻina hana | Hoʻohana i ka ikehu (MJ/kg) | Hoʻokuʻu CO₂ (kg CO₂/kg) | Ka Laki Hana Hou |
| Hoʻokumu mua | 190-220 | 11-13 | ~30-35% |
| Hana hou | 10-15 | 0.6-0.8 | ~90-95% |
Henan Huasheng Aluminum Co., Ltd (HHALU no ka pōkole), kukuluia ma 2001, aia ma ke kaona o Huiguo, ke kapikala Aluminum kaulana o Henan Province, He mea hana ʻoihana a komo i ka noiʻi, hooulu ana, hana ʻana, kūʻai aku a me ka lawelawe ʻana i ka pā pepa alumini, alumini coil, alumini pepa, ʻāpana alumini a me ka pōʻai alumini.
Kahi mea hou aʻe, Ke kūʻai aku nei ʻo HHALU i ka pā alumini no ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā moku, pā aniani aluminika, a me ka pā alumini alumini kaʻa.
No.53, Alanui Dongming, Zhengzhou, Henan, Kina
Kuleana kope © Huasheng Aluminum 2023. Ua mālama ʻia nā kuleana āpau.
